全球视讯!ReactNative原理与核心知识点
来源:博客园     时间:2023-06-21 17:28:34


【资料图】

React Native特点跨平台使用js写出页面组件代码被React框架统一转成Virtual DOM树,Virtual DOM树是UI结构的一层抽象,可以被转换成任何支持端的UI视图。ReactNative框架将Virtual DOM 转成原APP的UIView树。热修复ReactNative的产物bundle包,bundle包中包含的为RN业务所需要的所有资源,包括代码和资源。bundle的加载方式是APP启动时从后台下载,然后通过js虚拟机执行的。所以可以将每次业务迭代修改后的代码上传到服务,进行用户无感知版本更新。注意:bundle中的业务代码不能修改APP现有的原生行为,不能调用私有API,不然禁止上架。bundle包中的js是经过babel转义后的普通js,而非jsx语法糖。JS与Native交互的基本原理JS引擎iOS侧使用的JavaScriptCore作为bundle产物的js执行引擎。JS与Native交互的基本原理很简单,就是在JS的全局上下文添加成员变量。原生调用JS是JS在JS上下文中添加方法成员变量,然后原生调用。JS调用原生是原生往JS上下文中添加方法成员变量,然后JS调用。JS调用原生通过将block对象赋值给js全局上下文中的全局变量,js内部调用这个全局方法进行执行。
ctx[@"NativeMethod"] = ^(NSString *name) {    // do something    return someResult}
原生调用JS先创建一个JS上下文对象,在上下文中添加方法的全局变量。原生获取上下文的全局变量Value, 然后调用,执行这个JS方法。
// 创建一个ctx的JS上下文JSContent *ctx = [[JSContent alloc] init];// 创建一个变量name[ctx evaluateScript:@"var name = "jack""];// 创建一个方法[ctx evaluateScript:@"var sayHi = function(name) { return "hello " + name }"];// 通过ctx上下文对象,获取到hello方法JSValue *sayHiUnction = ctx[@"sayHi"];// 运行js方法JSValue *greetings = [sayHiUnction callWithArguments:@[@"jack"]; // hello jack
ReactNative框架中原生与JS的调用基本思路也是这种,只不过考虑到大量的Native对象注册会污染js引擎中的上下文,增加了一层Bridge。原生和JS之间的交互都是通过Bridge这个通道,通过里面的几个基础方法进行交互。原生与JS的交互是异步的。另外,Facebook为了提升RN框架中JS的执行效率,专门推出了一个JS引擎 Hermes, 在关键指标上,相比于JSCore,V8提升了不少,比较易于RN框架集成。

ReactNative核心知识

RCTBridge:ReactNative中原生与JS交互的通道RCTBridge用于给js引擎提供原生扩展接口。将原生功能如定位,3D等通过Bridge将其封装成JS接口,然后注入到js引擎的上下文中。RN框架启动的简单流程为:首先将js代码加载到内存,然后创建RCTBridge实例,然后创建RCTRootContentView内容展示的容器视图,然后调用JS上下文中AppRegistry对象的runApplication方法,并将@[moduleName, appParameters]组件名,参数传递给JS。
// RCTRootView.m- (void)javaScriptDidLoad:(NSNotification *)notification{  RCTAssertMainQueue();  RCTBridge *bridge = notification.userInfo[@"bridge"];  if (bridge != _contentView.bridge) {    [self bundleFinishedLoading:bridge];  }}- (void)bundleFinishedLoading:(RCTBridge *)bridge{  // 省略创建RCTRootContentView...  [self runApplication:bridge];  // 省略添加一个RCTRootContentView...}- (void)runApplication:(RCTBridge *)bridge{  NSString *moduleName = _moduleName ?: @""; // 这里是@"NewProject"  NSDictionary *appParameters = @{    @"rootTag": _contentView.reactTag,    @"initialProps": _appProperties ?: @{},  };  [bridge enqueueJSCall:@"AppRegistry"                 method:@"runApplication"                   args:@[moduleName, appParameters]             completion:NULL];}
原生调用JS在JS上下文中,调用JS的方式是通过方法:global.batchedBridge.callFunctionReturnFlushedQueue所以RN在原生侧的的JS引擎的封装对象中使用成员变量保存了这个JS的函数指针,原生调用JS时,通过传递参数 moduleid 和 methodid 完成方法的调用。
void JSIExecutor::bindBridge() {  std::call_once(bindFlag_, [this] {    SystraceSection s("JSIExecutor::bindBridge (once)");    Value batchedBridgeValue =        runtime_->global().getProperty(*runtime_, "__fbBatchedBridge");    if (batchedBridgeValue.isUndefined() || !batchedBridgeValue.isObject()) {      throw JSINativeException(          "Could not get BatchedBridge, make sure your bundle is packaged correctly");    }    Object batchedBridge = batchedBridgeValue.asObject(*runtime_);    callFunctionReturnFlushedQueue_ = batchedBridge.getPropertyAsFunction(        *runtime_, "callFunctionReturnFlushedQueue");    invokeCallbackAndReturnFlushedQueue_ = batchedBridge.getPropertyAsFunction(        *runtime_, "invokeCallbackAndReturnFlushedQueue");    flushedQueue_ =        batchedBridge.getPropertyAsFunction(*runtime_, "flushedQueue");  });}
JS调用原生JS调用原生通常是通过原生主动处理_eventQueue中的事件,特殊情况会直接调用原生注册给JS的nativeFlushQueueImmediate方法, 并传递moduleName 、methodName、callback 参数给这个方法完成调用。
void JSIExecutor::initializeRuntime() {  SystraceSection s("JSIExecutor::initializeRuntime");  runtime_->global().setProperty(      *runtime_,      "nativeModuleProxy",      Object::createFromHostObject(          *runtime_, std::make_shared(nativeModules_)));  runtime_->global().setProperty(      *runtime_,      "nativeFlushQueueImmediate",      Function::createFromHostFunction(          *runtime_,          PropNameID::forAscii(*runtime_, "nativeFlushQueueImmediate"),          1,          [this](              jsi::Runtime &,              const jsi::Value &,              const jsi::Value *args,              size_t count) {            if (count != 1) {              throw std::invalid_argument(                  "nativeFlushQueueImmediate arg count must be 1");            }            callNativeModules(args[0], false);            return Value::undefined();          }));  runtime_->global().setProperty(      *runtime_,      "nativeCallSyncHook",      Function::createFromHostFunction(          *runtime_,          PropNameID::forAscii(*runtime_, "nativeCallSyncHook"),          1,          [this](              jsi::Runtime &,              const jsi::Value &,              const jsi::Value *args,              size_t count) { return nativeCallSyncHook(args, count); }));  runtime_->global().setProperty(      *runtime_,      "globalEvalWithSourceUrl",      Function::createFromHostFunction(          *runtime_,          PropNameID::forAscii(*runtime_, "globalEvalWithSourceUrl"),          1,          [this](              jsi::Runtime &,              const jsi::Value &,              const jsi::Value *args,              size_t count) { return globalEvalWithSourceUrl(args, count); }));  if (runtimeInstaller_) {    runtimeInstaller_(*runtime_);  }  bool hasLogger(ReactMarker::logTaggedMarker);  if (hasLogger) {    ReactMarker::logMarker(ReactMarker::CREATE_REACT_CONTEXT_STOP);  }}
Virtual DOM 虚拟DOM虚拟DOM的特点1.用于描述页面的UI结构:在作用上虚拟DOM和普通的DOM是一样的。2.平台无关性:虚拟DOM表示的UI结构是对UI的一层抽象,它是平台无关的。具体的UI渲染是交个具体的平台渲染引擎进行的,如iOS,安卓自身的渲染引擎。虚拟DOM对标签的定义虚拟DOM把标签分为2类:原子型标签,组合型标签。原子型标签是平台支持型的基础标签,如果RCTView, RCTText。对应浏览器页面中,原子型标签有h1,li,div等。组合型标签是用户自定义的组件,它在虚拟DOM中对应的是自定义标签构造器函数,页面渲染时调用这个构造函数,创建一个实例,然后调用实例的render方法,组合型标签的render方法内会把组合标签进行拆解,最后拆解成基本的原子型标签。
var ele = {    ...    type: type, // 元素的类型    key: key, // 元素key标示    ref: ref, // 元素的引用    props: props, // 元素的参数,包含children    ...}// example 1
hello
// 会被描述为{type: "div", props: { children: ["hello"] }}// example 2// 会被描述为{ type: CustomerComponents}
UI渲染RN框架与浏览器的对比:在浏览器中,JS通过调用DOM API创建UI视图。在RN中,JS通过调用RCTUIManager来创建iOS,Android移动端的UI视图。RN的UI渲染是基于虚拟DOM的,通过根据不同的平台调用不同平台的Bridge, Brideg再调用不同平台的的RCTUIManager进行UI的创建。

其他

三条线程RN内部有三条线程在同时运行着:Shadow Thread, JS Thread, UI Thread。JS Thread:JS线程,负责JS与原生的交互,它们的交互是异步的,每次调用都是将block放入队列中,等js代码执行完后,读取事件队列进行处理。UI Thread:UI主线程,负责页面的交互与渲染, 由RCTUIManager使用。Shadow Thread: 负责将flex布局转成Native的布局,由yago引擎使用。三个队列RN框架内,原生与JS的交换类型分两种:UI和事件,这2这种事件的处理都是异步的,它们都是将事件顺序放置到队列中,在合适的时机被调用。事件的处理在RCTBridge中处理,UI的处理在RCTUIManager中处理。JS调用原生异步事件队列:_eventQueue队列原生调用JS异步事件队列:_pendingCalls队列UI更新异步事件处理队列:_pendingUIBlocks队列JSIjavascript interface js虚拟机通用接口层,是针对JS引擎封装的上层API框架,使用JSI做JS引擎调用的优点:1.底部可以任意替换JS引擎而不影响上层JS引擎的使用。如:可以任意替换JavaScript Core, V8等。2.通过JSI,JavaScript可以持有C++宿主对象的引用,所以可以直接调用原生方法(UIView, NativeModule),它与现在统一使用Bridge这个通道和消息异步调用比起来,提高了消息发送的及时性,避免了消息队列执行的等待。React Native核心知识在框架中的使用React Native核心功能在RN项目启动时会进行各自的初始化,生成bundle运行上下文。在类型上可以分为2类:1.JS与原生的事件处理:创建RCTBridge桥接通道。2.UI交互与更新的事件处理:创建RCTRootView容器视图。APP启动,React Native运行环境初始化。
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions{  if (!self.bridge) {    self.bridge = [self createBridgeWithDelegate:self launchOptions:launchOptions];  }  NSDictionary *initProps = [self prepareInitialProps];  UIView *rootView = [self createRootViewWithBridge:self.bridge moduleName:self.moduleName initProps:initProps];  if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {    rootView.backgroundColor = [UIColor systemBackgroundColor];  } else {    rootView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];  }  self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];  UIViewController *rootViewController = [self createRootViewController];  rootViewController.view = rootView;  self.window.rootViewController = rootViewController;  [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];  return YES;}
JS与原生的事件处理:创建RCTBridge桥接通道RCTBridge的主要逻辑是在batchedBridge中,主要初始化流程为:1.初始化Native Modules2.创建Native Modules配置表3.准备JS引擎工厂,创建JS引擎4.将Modules配置信息注册到JS引擎中5.加载boundle代码6.执行boundle代码
- (void)setUp{  RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(0, @"-[RCTBridge setUp]", nil);  //_performanceLogger日志工具初始化  //_bundleURL获取  //batchedBridge创建  self.batchedBridge = [[bridgeClass alloc] initWithParentBridge:self];  [self.batchedBridge start];  RCT_PROFILE_END_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"");}batchedBridge是RCTCXXBridge,它的初始化方法如下:- (instancetype)initWithParentBridge:(RCTBridge *)bridge{  RCTAssertParam(bridge);  if ((self = [super initWithDelegate:bridge.delegate                            bundleURL:bridge.bundleURL                       moduleProvider:bridge.moduleProvider                        launchOptions:bridge.launchOptions])) {    _parentBridge = bridge;    _performanceLogger = [bridge performanceLogger];    registerPerformanceLoggerHooks(_performanceLogger);    /**     * Set Initial State     */    _valid = YES;    _loading = YES;    _moduleRegistryCreated = NO;    _pendingCalls = [NSMutableArray new];    _displayLink = [RCTDisplayLink new];    _moduleDataByName = [NSMutableDictionary new];    _moduleClassesByID = [NSMutableArray new];    _moduleDataByID = [NSMutableArray new];    _objCModuleRegistry = [RCTModuleRegistry new];    [_objCModuleRegistry setBridge:self];    _bundleManager = [RCTBundleManager new];    [_bundleManager setBridge:self];    _viewRegistry_DEPRECATED = [RCTViewRegistry new];    [_viewRegistry_DEPRECATED setBridge:self];    _callableJSModules = [RCTCallableJSModules new];    [_callableJSModules setBridge:self];    [RCTBridge setCurrentBridge:self];    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self                                             selector:@selector(handleMemoryWarning)                                                 name:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification                                               object:nil];    RCTLogSetBridgeModuleRegistry(_objCModuleRegistry);    RCTLogSetBridgeCallableJSModules(_callableJSModules);  }  return self;}- (void)start{  RCT_PROFILE_BEGIN_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"-[RCTCxxBridge start]", nil);  [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:RCTJavaScriptWillStartLoadingNotification                                                      object:_parentBridge                                                    userInfo:@{@"bridge" : self}];  //启动JS线程  _jsThread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:[self class] selector:@selector(runRunLoop) object:nil];  _jsThread.name = RCTJSThreadName;  _jsThread.qualityOfService = NSOperationQualityOfServiceUserInteractive;#if RCT_DEBUG  _jsThread.stackSize *= 2;#endif  [_jsThread start];  dispatch_group_t prepareBridge = dispatch_group_create();  [_performanceLogger markStartForTag:RCTPLNativeModuleInit];  //1.初始化Native Modules  [self registerExtraModules];  //2.创建Native Modules配置表  // Initialize all native modules that cannot be loaded lazily  (void)[self _initializeModules:RCTGetModuleClasses() withDispatchGroup:prepareBridge lazilyDiscovered:NO];  [self registerExtraLazyModules];  [_performanceLogger markStopForTag:RCTPLNativeModuleInit];  // This doesnt really do anything.  The real work happens in initializeBridge.  _reactInstance.reset(new Instance);  __weak RCTCxxBridge *weakSelf = self;  // 3.准备JS引擎工厂,创建JS引擎  std::shared_ptr executorFactory;  if (!self.executorClass) {    if ([self.delegate conformsToProtocol:@protocol(RCTCxxBridgeDelegate)]) {      id cxxDelegate = (id)self.delegate;      executorFactory = [cxxDelegate jsExecutorFactoryForBridge:self];    }    // 4.将Modules配置信息注册到JS引擎中    if (!executorFactory) {      auto installBindings = RCTJSIExecutorRuntimeInstaller(nullptr);#if RCT_USE_HERMES      executorFactory = std::make_shared(installBindings);#else      executorFactory = std::make_shared(installBindings);#endif    }  } else {    id objcExecutor = [self moduleForClass:self.executorClass];    executorFactory.reset(new RCTObjcExecutorFactory(objcExecutor, ^(NSError *error) {      if (error) {        [weakSelf handleError:error];      }    }));  }    //_turboModuleRegistry是一个TurboModule注册表,TurboModule是JS在RN中的一种优化方式,将常用的JS代码编译成可执行代码,提高执行速度。  /**   * id jsExecutorFactory may create and assign an id object to   * RCTCxxBridge If id is assigned by this time, eagerly initialize all TurboModules   */  if (_turboModuleRegistry && RCTTurboModuleEagerInitEnabled()) {    for (NSString *moduleName in [_turboModuleRegistry eagerInitModuleNames]) {      [_turboModuleRegistry moduleForName:[moduleName UTF8String]];    }    for (NSString *moduleName in [_turboModuleRegistry eagerInitMainQueueModuleNames]) {      if (RCTIsMainQueue()) {        [_turboModuleRegistry moduleForName:[moduleName UTF8String]];      } else {        id turboModuleRegistry = _turboModuleRegistry;        dispatch_group_async(prepareBridge, dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{          [turboModuleRegistry moduleForName:[moduleName UTF8String]];        });      }    }  }  // Dispatch the instance initialization as soon as the initial module metadata has  // been collected (see initModules)  dispatch_group_enter(prepareBridge);  [self ensureOnJavaScriptThread:^{    [weakSelf _initializeBridge:executorFactory];    dispatch_group_leave(prepareBridge);  }];  // 5.加载boundle代码  // Load the source asynchronously, then store it for later execution.  dispatch_group_enter(prepareBridge);  __block NSData *sourceCode;  [self      loadSource:^(NSError *error, RCTSource *source) {        if (error) {          [weakSelf handleError:error];        }        sourceCode = source.data;        dispatch_group_leave(prepareBridge);      }      onProgress:^(RCTLoadingProgress *progressData) { }];  // 模块和js代码加载完成后,执行js代码  // Wait for both the modules and source code to have finished loading  dispatch_group_notify(prepareBridge, dispatch_get_global_queue(QOS_CLASS_USER_INTERACTIVE, 0), ^{    RCTCxxBridge *strongSelf = weakSelf;    if (sourceCode && strongSelf.loading) {      // 6.执行boundle代码      [strongSelf executeSourceCode:sourceCode sync:NO];    }  });  RCT_PROFILE_END_EVENT(RCTProfileTagAlways, @"");}
初始化Native Modules与创建Native Modules配置表把本地的RN模块都收集起来,包括RN框架自带的和用户自定义的,将模块信息保存到Bridge的变量中,用于与JS交换。_moduleDataByName = [NSMutableDictionary new];_moduleClassesByID = [NSMutableArray new];_moduleDataByID = [NSMutableArray new];JS发送消息到Native时,通过- (id)moduleForName:(const char *)moduleName;查询到模块详情,进行模块调用。_objCModuleRegistry = [RCTModuleRegistry new];[_objCModuleRegistry setBridge:self];准备JS引擎工厂,创建JS引擎与将Modules配置信息注册到JS引擎中RN将Native Modules信息收集完成后保存到成员变量中,这个成员变量是一个数组。使用moduleConfig保存模块的模块名,方法名。然后将这些数据注入到JS引擎中。JS调用原生时,通过模块名,方法名,参数调用原生方法。在原生调用JS时,会将调用放入_pendingCalls队列中,进行异步执行。而JS调原生是将调用放入到_eventQueue队列中,进行异步执行。JS可以通过方法nativeFlushQueueImmediate直接调用Native,但是一般JS不会这样做,而是等原生自己去_eventQueue队列中自己去取任务做处理。
// js thread only (which surprisingly can be the main thread, depends on used JS executor)- (void)flushEventsQueue{  [_eventQueueLock lock];  NSDictionary *events = _events;  _events = [NSMutableDictionary new];  NSMutableArray *eventQueue = _eventQueue;  _eventQueue = [NSMutableArray new];  _eventsDispatchScheduled = NO;  [_eventQueueLock unlock];  for (NSNumber *eventId in eventQueue) {    [self dispatchEvent:events[eventId]];  }}
UI交互与更新的事件处理:创建RCTRootView容器视图RCTRootView为RN页面的入口,在RCTRootView初始化过程中,会创建RCTRootContentView作为内容视图放置在RCTRootView的底部作为根视图。RCTRootContentView的初始化方法中,在uiManager中将RCTRootContentView注册成根视图。
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame                       bridge:(RCTBridge *)bridge                     reactTag:(NSNumber *)reactTag               sizeFlexiblity:(RCTRootViewSizeFlexibility)sizeFlexibility{  if ((self = [super initWithFrame:frame])) {    _bridge = bridge;    self.reactTag = reactTag;    _sizeFlexibility = sizeFlexibility;    _touchHandler = [[RCTTouchHandler alloc] initWithBridge:_bridge];    [_touchHandler attachToView:self];    [_bridge.uiManager registerRootView:self];  }  return self;}
RCTUIManager是RN中UI的管理者,它负责处理所有与UI相关的事情,如:注入到JS中的创建View方法。在createView方法中可以看到,RN对View的操作都是双份的,分别作用在RCTShadowView和UIView上。RCTShadowView和UIView的关系类似于虚拟DOM和DOM的关系。RCTShadowView是一个虚拟DOM树,是一个结构体,用于描述视图的样式和事件,比较轻量级。在RN中当调用setState更新组件状态时,就会生成一个新的虚拟DOM,然后RN将新的虚拟DOM与旧的虚拟DOM进行Diff对比,生成差异对象,然后遍历差异对象,将所有的改动更新到UI上。而更新到了Native是先更新到RCTShadowView上,等合适的时候再统一更新到UI上。UI更新操作也是异步的,更新任务被放置在_pendingUIBlocks队列上,在UI变化时或Bridge批出来结束时刷新这个队列。
RCT_EXPORT_METHOD(createView                  : (nonnull NSNumber *)reactTag viewName                  : (NSString *)viewName rootTag                  : (nonnull NSNumber *)rootTag props                  : (NSDictionary *)props){  RCTComponentData *componentData = _componentDataByName[viewName];  if (componentData == nil) {    RCTLogError(@"No component found for view with name \"%@\"", viewName);  }  // Register shadow view  RCTShadowView *shadowView = [componentData createShadowViewWithTag:reactTag];  if (shadowView) {    [componentData setProps:props forShadowView:shadowView];    _shadowViewRegistry[reactTag] = shadowView;    RCTShadowView *rootView = _shadowViewRegistry[rootTag];    RCTAssert(        [rootView isKindOfClass:[RCTRootShadowView class]] || [rootView isKindOfClass:[RCTSurfaceRootShadowView class]],        @"Given `rootTag` (%@) does not correspond to a valid root shadow view instance.",        rootTag);    shadowView.rootView = (RCTRootShadowView *)rootView;  }  // Dispatch view creation directly to the main thread instead of adding to  // UIBlocks array. This way, it doesnt get deferred until after layout.  __block UIView *preliminaryCreatedView = nil;  void (^createViewBlock)(void) = ^{    // Do nothing on the second run.    if (preliminaryCreatedView) {      return;    }    preliminaryCreatedView = [componentData createViewWithTag:reactTag rootTag:rootTag];    if (preliminaryCreatedView) {      self->_viewRegistry[reactTag] = preliminaryCreatedView;    }  };  // We cannot guarantee that asynchronously scheduled block will be executed  // *before* a block is added to the regular mounting process (simply because  // mounting process can be managed externally while the main queue is  // locked).  // So, we positively dispatch it asynchronously and double check inside  // the regular mounting block.  RCTExecuteOnMainQueue(createViewBlock);  [self addUIBlock:^(__unused RCTUIManager *uiManager, __unused NSDictionary *viewRegistry) {    createViewBlock();    if (preliminaryCreatedView) {      [componentData setProps:props forView:preliminaryCreatedView];    }  }];  [self _shadowView:shadowView didReceiveUpdatedProps:[props allKeys]];}
参考文章https://juejin.cn/post/6916452544956858382#heading-11https://juejin.cn/post/6844904184542822408https://juejin.cn/post/6844904184500715527

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